The Phenomenon of Corrective Rape in South Africa
Published August 02, 2009 @ 07:13AM PT
Corrective rape, for those who haven't heard the term (it's less than ten years old, since it was just recently coined by human rights activists) is the criminal phenomenon where LGBT people, especially lesbians, are raped by a member of the opposite sex as a means of trying to "correct" their sexual orientation. It's a particularly vile practice, and while it's not exclusive to South Africa, the country has become especially notorious for it. So notorious in fact, that the Triangle Project, a South African LGBT organization, is now saying that they deal with up to ten new cases of "corrective rape" each week.
The scarier part? Most people who are "correctively raped" never come forward, perhaps out of fear, shame, or because their "corrective rape" was fatal.
Sharon Cox, a staff member at Triangle, told the BBC that rape is a sign of power which straight people, most especially straight men, can use to further suppress women and lesbians.
The thinking is, all it takes is one good man to cure you of being a lesbian.
That thinking is what took the life last year of Eudy Simelane, an acclaimed Banyana Banyana national female soccer (football) star in South Africa. Her athletic fame and abilities couldn't prevent the fact that a violent group of men saw her as nothing more than a lesbian who needed her sexual orientation raped out of her. She was gang-raped by at least three men, stabbed twenty-five times in the face and chest, and thrown into a creek on the outskirts of Johannesburg, where her body was later found.
Simelane's trial started this past week, with three men accused of committing the crimes against her. In South Africa, so far only two cases of "corrective rape" have ever been put before a court, and there's been only one conviction. Talk about a culture of impunity. South Africa's national prosecuting authority even had this to say about the lack of prosecutions for men who rape women to cure them of their lesbianism:
While hate crimes – especially of a sexual nature – are rife, it is not something that the South African government has prioritised as a specific project.
Because of that fact, many human rights organizations have urged the criminal justice system to recognize "corrective rape" as a hate crime, and prosecute it as such. Curbing the rising tide of "corrective rape" will only happen with a concerted effort by the criminal justice system to prosecute offenders, and end the culture of impunity that says a man who rapes a lesbian to cure her of her sexual orientation is macho, not a criminal.
That culture might be a tough one to crack, though. South Africa has one of the highest rates of sexual violence in the world, with more than 54,000 sexual assaults reported each year (and again, those are only the ones reported). And according to this BBC article, rape has become almost a game for many South African men - so much so that celebrated terms have popped up to crown a man who initiates a gang rape. Which might explain why 1 in 4 men have admitted to being involved in rape, a figure thta seems to defy comprehension.
As for the trial of Eudy Simelane, the state closed its case this past Friday, after a raucous week of hearings where the state's main witness recanted some information he initially told police about who and how many people were involved in her rape and death. That chaos seems to echo the growing culture of wheelings and dealings that seem to take place in South Africa to keep rapists on the streets.
The next phase of the trial will take place on August 26, when the three men accused of Eudy's rape and killing will be heard. Meanwhile, LGBT rights organizations have called for the three men to receive the maximum sentence for their crime.
"We are calling for them to be found guilty and get a maximum sentence for each count," said Phumzile Mtetwa, spokesperson for the Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
The blog Black Looks has done a tremendous job of covering the trial. Check them out for more information on the case of Eudy Simelane. Though it will be another three weeks or so until we know where the trial stands, it's clear that the trial will have large implications for all of South Africa. If the offenders are found to be guilty, their conviction will send the message that it's not manly to find a lesbian, taunt her, and then rape her with your friends in order to change her orientation. Instead, it will send the message that this type of practice not only isn't manly, it's illegal, disgusting, and against the law.
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Comments (41)
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Michael is the Communications Director for the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School, and previously was Communications Director for Pax Christi USA, a progressive Catholic human rights organization.
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I wish I could show this to the guy who told me that I was attracted to women because I had some bad experience with men which I couldn't remember (but apparently he could, even though he had only known me through instant messenger).
Posted by Luella - on 08/02/2009 @ 10:15AM PT
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Guys like him are idiots that would never be able to handle the truth.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 08/02/2009 @ 12:23PM PT
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Personaly...I think the crime of rape deserves the death penalty.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 08/02/2009 @ 12:22PM PT
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Rape is up there with murder as one of the few crimes that every known culture agrees that a potential victim can defend against with deadly force.
On the other hand, the 1 in 4 South African men who admit to having been involved in a rape amounts to an eighth of the population. They should feel mortally ashamed of themselves (or at least fear retribution enough to never repeat the crime), but handing out death sentences to all of them would be infeasable.
Posted by Andrea G on 08/10/2009 @ 08:33AM PT
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I wonder how many of that 25% think of rape as a way of "asserting one's manhood" (i.e. "proving they're not gay"), and I wonder how many more simply didn't admit to it.
This whole thing reminds me of a recent study of college-aged men and the disturbingly high number of men who said they would commit rape if they knew they'd get away with it.
Posted by Jenifer Lewis on 08/10/2009 @ 08:42AM PT
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To Andrea: I have to disagree with your statement that "Rape is up there with murder as one of the few crimes that every known culture agrees that a potential victim can defend against with deadly force."
In many cultures, from what I've read, the victim is the one held accountable, to the extent of stoning the victim to death for her "impurities." This recently happened to a 13-year-old victim of a gang rape.
In virtually all cultures, victim-blaming is rampant, with statements such as "she was drunk" (therefore "she wanted it") being used as an excuse to violate another person.
To Jenifer: I've read recently on another very chilling blog about a myth in Africa that sex with a virgin will cure AIDS. You can imagine the impact this has had on increasingly young girls, who are raped by men with AIDS; many of these children subsequently contact AIDS.
There is a very informative book, called "Fraternity Gang Rape," which outlines the mentality behind fraternities, power balance, and their view of women. They not only commit gang rapes, but brag about it openly as part of their entitlement attitude toward women.
Posted by Romy Carver on 08/10/2009 @ 10:47AM PT
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Miss G...
Would you please clarify why you think it would be non-feasable to put rapists to death ?
Miss lewis...
I agree...It is disturbing.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 09/15/2009 @ 05:42PM PT
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If only 2 cases of correctiuve rape have ever been put on trial, & all 3 idiots are being tried on rape & murder, then put murder first if thats what it takes to stop this non-sense. Who in the hell is responsible for making this culture think they can cure lesbians ? & further more who are they to take matters into their own hands. A persons sexual orientation is non of any bodys business but that person that it belongs to. Each & everyone of them need their own penis cut off. This is not only wrong, its illegal & sickening.
Posted by Dana Hoffman on 08/02/2009 @ 12:47PM PT
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The more I think about this the madder I become. How can the BBC say rape is power? It's NOT power. It's wrong! & cowardly, and since when do we put a title (corrective rape) on a person based on their sexual orientation? So your raped, you call the police and if your a lesbian its called corrective rape? and if you are forced to have sex w/your spouse its called sexual rape. I agree with the above writer, these people are a bunch of idiots.Taking actions against people that they know nothing about.
Posted by Dana Hoffman on 08/02/2009 @ 12:59PM PT
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I do agree that rape is not power, but I think men rape because it makes them feel powerful. Yes, they are very wrong. They are just showing the world how weak and cowardly they really are for raping someone.
Posted by Margaret Berry on 08/02/2009 @ 02:36PM PT
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I think the phrase "rape is a sign of power" could have been phrased more accurately.
As Margaret wrote, rapists feel powerful when they rape. It's the same with child molestation and domestic abuse, or for that matter any kind of rape.
For centuries the prevailing attitude has been that women are raped because they "asked for it" or were just too sexually alluring for the rapist to resist, implicitly asserting that rape is never the rapist's fault.
In the last twentieth century a realization finally began to emerge that rape is not about desire but power. The rapist seeks to impose his will on someone, and practically any woman will do, although the victim often knows (or is at least acquainted with) her rapist.
Rape as an instrument of war is beginning to be recognized as such as well, thank God. Men as well as women are being raped as a way of humiliating the enemy. As grim and depressing a thought as this is, perhaps it's the rape of men that will finally provide this crime with the label it deserves.
There is a remarkable book by Susan Brownmiller called "Against Our Will" which is essentially a history book from the perspective of rape. It should be required reading in high school history classes.
Posted by Jenifer Lewis on 08/07/2009 @ 06:08AM PT
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I agree miss lewis.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 09/15/2009 @ 05:46PM PT
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I don't think they are saying that rape is power. I think they mean that it is a power struggle, because the men who do this feel powerless somehow. The men are trying to exert power over the victim. Obviously, anyone who rapes is a coward.
Posted by Margaret Berry on 08/02/2009 @ 01:37PM PT
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Sharon Cox, a staff member at Triangle, told the BBC that rape is a sign of power which straight people, most especially straight men, can use to further suppress women and lesbians.
Posted by Dana Hoffman on 08/02/2009 @ 01:48PM PT
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Its much more in depth than that. Sharon might have an angle about rape but she denies other reasons for it.
Yes rape is a form of power struggle like Margaret Berry noted, but it also has to deal with a persons repressive emotions and what we call id. Most people who rape others do so because of either a mental pathology or a desire. Similar to how some people have predispositions to be sociopaths others can have predispositions to be sexual predators.
It can be because the men or women who rape the opposite sex or the same sex have a severely disturbing or traumatic event in their lives, or simply an irrational hatred. It can be fueled by religious brainwashing and abuse, or as stated previously, desire. This is not to downplay the severity of the traumatic event that the victim must relive, and then be destroyed on a bench by a defense lawyer.
In my opinion the state must do more for victims of these crimes. In any rape case the victim is left on her or his own, he or she must answer very denigrating questions and prove this terrible event wasn't her or his fault. In some states and in many religiously run countries, if it is a female that is raped and she becomes pregnant she has to deliver the infant and the rapist has full legal bearing to that child.
Now in this case with LGBT being raped it is mainly a form of hate crime, but there are occurrences when those who are homosexual also have a desire to rape those of the same sex. When it comes to heterosexuals, it's not just about power but more about "teaching the homosexual a lesson. Lesbians are often the target of such crimes but so are transgender females (those who are or were men), as well as homosexual males.
In many middle eastern countries transgenders are rapped to "show them the other way." In the united states there are cases where homosexual men are gang raped by heterosexual men to "teach them what being gay is all about." Most of these crimes go undocumented for fear of retaliation or further mistreatment by authorities, in the middle east sometimes its the law enforcement who carries out the rape. What can be seen here other than religious motivation for acts of violence is another form of bigotry that was documented for many years called gender stereotypes or gender roles.
As many of you here might be aware of, gender roles still permiate our culture as well as many other more secular cultures. We should all know that many people look upon LGBT as swapping gender roles, even supporters, and "some" feel that they need to be corrected. Read any pamphlet from ex-gay organizations like Exodus International or NARTH and my point will be made clear. This is a severe fallacy since gender roles in essence are fallacies that play on tradition, common practice, authority and belief.
Those who study sexual orientation and relationships note that homosexual relationships are more stable than heterosexual relationships because of gender neutrality. This same occurrence can be found in heterosexual couples that follow the same ideas of gender neutrality. (Gottman, John Ph.D)
One way to curb and lesson rape against anyone is to fight the fallacy of gender roles and gender mapping. This has been one of the major goals of many LGBT activist including myself. But I am often frustratingly at odds with people of faith on this issue; sometimes more so than with LGBT equality. Sometimes even people of open minded belief systems often make explanations for why gender roles have some importance. Like fighting for LGBT equality to dismantle gender roles, like we did segregation, we will either have enlighten or force places of worship their idea of gender and male privilege are at odds with the evidence and the facts.
Whether it be done by legal actions, direct nonviolent or violent protest, or boycotting places of worship and businesses that support them, as long as gender roles stay in place, equal treatment for women and homosexual people is still a long way away.
Posted by Chris Marshall on 08/02/2009 @ 07:43PM PT
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BEING A MUSLIMAH, LET IT BE KNOWN TO ALL THAT I AM PERSONALLY AGAINST LESBIANISM, AND PERSONALLY AGAINST BISEXUALITY... FOR MYSELF, AS A WAY OF LIFE... HOWEVER, THE THOUGHT OF A MAN RAPING A LESBIAN WOMAN, IN ORDER TO "CORRECT HER ORIENTATION", OR IN ORDER TO "CURE HER", AS IF LESBIANISM WAS A DISEASE... THOSE MEN ARE ALOT SICKER !!!
Posted by Sudaliah AliMohammed... on 08/03/2009 @ 07:55PM PT
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Mr. alimohammed.
Your absolutely right about the rapists being sickos although I would like to add that ALL rapists are sickos in my book.
One thing I would like to correct you on is that sexual orientation isnt a lifestyle but rather its just one immutable aspect of humanity whether your heterosexual, bisexual or homosexual.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 08/04/2009 @ 03:28AM PT
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Mr. Alimohammed, that's about as absurd as me saying I am personally against blue eyes "for myself as a way of life". It's not a lifestyle choice, nor should it be a political issue, nor a "behavior" punishable by the most violent & degrading means.
Posted by Lisa Smolen on 08/04/2009 @ 06:38AM PT
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Sudaliah, I am guessing what you are trying to say is that, because you are straight you feel homosexuality or bisexuality is not in essence wrong, or lifestyles, but wrong for you because your a heterosexual and it's something you have no interest in, and goes agiasnt you natrual tendencies to be attracted to the opposite sex. As for people like us, those who are homosexual, heterosexuality is something we have no interest in, and is wrong for us because it goes agiasnt our natrual tendencies to be attracted to those of the same sex.
Basically I can say the same about heterosexuality in a perspective of myself. To me heterosexuality is different... Heterosexuals have prodigiously higher rates of domestic violence against their partners and spouses that homosexuals. Relationships tend to be more strained with more negativity flowing into them when harsh situations arise. Heterosexual couples tend to feel one of the parties has a entitlement over the other, putting undo stress on the other partner. Heterosexual couples tend to use emotional manipulation to persuade their partners.
These relationship problems are well documented by Dr. John Gotmann. With over 30 years of studying relationships, including 12 years of studying homosexual relationships, he concluded that "Homosexual relationships are the vanguard of what heterosexual relationships could be in the future. Heterosexual couples could learn much if they listened to and study homosexual couples"
So like homosexuality is personally incongruent to you, I feel the same about heterosexuality to me. So I think I can understand where you are coming from, and what you said you said with the best of intentions.
Posted by Chris Marshall on 08/04/2009 @ 11:59AM PT
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Mispelled Gottman's name
*DR. John Gottman*
Posted by Chris Marshall on 08/04/2009 @ 12:10PM PT
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I do agree with that statement. Men who rape women because they are lesbians are trying to use that as a sign of power. They think they have the power to cure lesbians, because any woman who is a lesbian just hasn't had the right sexual experience with a man. (I don't believe that, but that is what they seem to think.) Anyone who does that is most definitely a coward. For some reason, some men are threatened by women who don't "need" them. The only way to exert their power over lesbians is to degrade them in such a way. They just say they're trying to cure them as an excuse. It is all very wrong.
Posted by Margaret Berry on 08/02/2009 @ 02:27PM PT
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Violence against LGBT on the basis of their sexual orientation is unjustified and is why the men involved in the rape and murder of Eudy Simelane must receive life time punishment. Hopefully, rape as a means for trying to change people's sexual orientation will significantly reduce, including all rape because South Africa's rate of sexual assualts is high. South Africa must classify corrective rapes as hate crimes to send the correct message.
Posted by Edwin Bonilla on 08/02/2009 @ 02:49PM PT
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However with messages from their bishop that called homosexual people, "a scourge of humanity" and degrade women, one would wonder if the Occam's Razor is to simply force intolerant clergy from their podiums and replace them with more educated, open mined, and enlightening ones.
"The hatred starts in the church, then through the test of time it becomes common practice and permeates itself in the minds and hearts of people." -Rev. Mel White Ph.D
Posted by Chris Marshall on 08/02/2009 @ 07:48PM PT
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I agree with both you both Margret & Edwin.
Posted by Dana Hoffman on 08/02/2009 @ 03:07PM PT
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This makes me want to puke.
Posted by Lisa Smolen on 08/02/2009 @ 09:13PM PT
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A nation that has so little regard for basic human values is hardly able to define "crime", much less "hate crime".
Posted by Fester 60613 on 08/03/2009 @ 07:42AM PT
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Rape is violence that becomes confused with unenlightened ideas of what constitutes power. Anyone with genuine self-empowerment does not rape. So it is the lack of power that makes people rape in order to feel that primal sense of dominance which they confuse to be power. I dislike the use of that term unless it is to show that only powerless people feel the sick need to rape.
Corrective rape unfortunately is nothing new. You remember the movie Boys Don't Cry--based on a true story. These incidents happen in America to gay women or to women who simply don't seem interested in sex with men. And most are not reported.
I encourage everyone to sign petitions to make the world aware that this practice has become institutionalized as collective "treatment" by certain governments. But don't turn a blind eye to the cretins who practice it on other women in countries that see rape as a crime.
Women largely don't come forward because it becomes rape again when one deals with law enforcement. The medical community is better, depending on who you are dealing with. And women who are raped cannot win, because if they don't come forward, they are accused of letting the perpetrator getting away with it. If they do come forward, they have to relive the experience over and over again, and not all people are so nice about it. Law enforcement has improved, but depending where you live, there are still many who think that we women ask for it. We don't.
Posted by S B on 08/03/2009 @ 09:21AM PT
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As long as women continue to be dehumanized and treated like chattel, this sort of murderous and cowardly behavior will continue to be tolerated - yes, tolerated - in our world.
Posted by Kristen S on 08/03/2009 @ 09:29AM PT
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=*(
Posted by Michelle Bak on 08/03/2009 @ 10:59AM PT
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rape should be penalized with death and/or public castration without anesthesia, and I mean cut the dick off. Exalting persons who can't be bothered to reject their perverse personal tendencies as a special group is not the answer. yes, sexual orientation and gender role having nothing to do with each other, though I notice that the transgender phenomenon is heavily dependent on gender role ideology. The only reason perverts of the homosexual sort are seen as okay while other people who might have some genetic or hormonal component to violence of one sort or another are not okay, is strictly an accident of political correctness.
Posted by Mary Christine Erikson on 08/03/2009 @ 12:20PM PT
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Could you please clarify what you mean by "Perverts of the homosexual sort" ?
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 08/04/2009 @ 03:33AM PT
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Mary,
I hope you would have read a few books on sexual orientation and books on relationships to understand that heterosexually is as much a perversion as homosexuality. In terms of stability in relationships, raising children, and marital happiness homosexual couples stand far above that of heterosexual couples. Please read the work of Dr. John Gottman, who is considered to be the final word when it comes to relationship psychology.
Posted by Chris Marshall on 08/04/2009 @ 12:06PM PT
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Is there someone to whom we can send a petition or letter about this? How damn horrible.
Posted by Romy Carver on 08/03/2009 @ 04:20PM PT
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Romy,
There was a petition on Change.org about corrective rape in South Africa. I remember sending it around. It was a few months ago, so I don't know if it is still in action. Look under the Woman's Rights cause; it may also be in Criminal Justice or Stop Genocide. There are a lot of non-profits that also address this issue. When I see a petition, I will let you know. You can also write a petition here on Change.org. I would direct it to Obama and the senatorial cohorts as they could threaten to lessen aid to these countries. On the other hand, this regime hasn't done much for women who are abused in other countries--Afghan women are a good example and so are the women of Darfur--the list is endless.
If I had the money, time and I could find others who know what to do, I would suggest a grass roots documentary. It can be shown for free or for donations at so many places. I hope some filmmaker steals this idea and runs with it.
Posted by S B on 08/03/2009 @ 05:25PM PT
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Thank you so much Susan! I found the petition and here's the link for anyone else who's interested in signing it.
http://womensrights.change.org/actions/view/end_corrective_rape_of_lesbians_in_south_africa_2
Posted by Romy Carver on 08/04/2009 @ 12:10PM PT
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Thank you miss carver.
Signed and sent.
Posted by Thomas McHugh on 08/06/2009 @ 01:50AM PT
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TYVM Sudaliah for your comment and your openess and honesty. I agree with you, I am a married woman myself, and disabled on top of that. However I feel that people are who they are & should be respected as such. Me judging them would be like them doing the same based on my own disability. My hats off to you again for your honesty.Thank You.
Posted by Dana Hoffman on 08/03/2009 @ 08:10PM PT
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You take a bunch of Christians and let them have their way with a country and this is what happens...
Posted by Andrew Weit on 08/06/2009 @ 04:11PM PT
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Huh? What does Christianity have to do with this story?
Men have been raping women since the dawn of time. Their rationales have varied, and some have found various scriptures from religions of all stripes to justify their crimes, but no religion prescribes rape as a corrective to anything.
Unfortunately in some religious societies the rape victim bears the lion's share of punishment (e.g. so-called honor killings) but that does not mean religion is to blame.
It only means that sick people will use any means necessary to justify themselves.
Posted by Jenifer Lewis on 08/07/2009 @ 06:19AM PT
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THANKS TO EVERYONE FOR RESPONDING TO THIS THREAD!!! AND THANKS TO EVERYONE FOR RESPONDING TO MY THREAD, SPECIFICALLY... I appreciate the responses from folks that did not/do not agree with me... But I think many may have misunderstood me... To Chirs Marshall... you are the only confessed-gay-person that really began to try to understand my point-of-view... I thank you! And I thank Jennifer Lewis for being the first to identify with me on my point-of-view. PLEASE ALLOW ME TO CONTINUE... "RAPE" IS A HIDEOUS CRIME !!! HOMOPHOBIA IS A FORM OF RACISM !!! Again, I thank everyone for understanding that I DO NOT CHOOSE homosexuality, nor bisexuality, as a way-of-life for myself. And I have advised all young people who's life that I have influenced, NOT TO CHOOSE HOMOSEXUALITY, OR BISEXUALITY AS A WAY-OF-LIFE, FOR THEMSELVES... WHEN I WAS ASKED, OR WHEN I WAS PUT-ON-THE-SPOT TO COMMENT... IN OTHER WORDS, "ON-QUEUE"... AS A PARENT, OR AS A "PARENT-FIGURE". However, in the last election, here in CALIFORNIA, I voted against PROP. 8... and in-favor of gay-marriages, etc. I have read, and heard about, many cross-cultural, psychological studies about successful gay-marriages vs. unsuccessful heterosexual-marriages. I find those statistics very interesting. BUT LET US STAY ON THE SUBJECT... IF WHAT I AM READING IS 100% ACCURATE, THERE IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA, ... BUT I AM SURE THAT I HAVE HEARD OF THIS TYPE OF CRIME, WITH THE SAME RATIONALE(S), HAPPENING RIGHT HERE IS SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA...THE MOST DIVERSE CITY IN THE WORLD. NO ONE CAN JUSTIFY THE CRIME OF "RAPE", BY SAYIING: "I RAPED THE .
Posted by Sudaliah AliMohammed... on 08/09/2009 @ 12:18PM PT
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FORGIVE ME FOR GOING "OVER-BOARD"... I APOLOGIZE FOR ANYONE THAT MAY HAVE BEEN OFFENDED BY ANYTHING THAT I HAVE WRITTEN ON THIS SUBJECT... SO FAR... I AGREE WITH CHRIS MARSHALL, WHO SUGGESTED THAT "HONOR KILLINGS" ARE THE SAME TYPE OF "HATE-CRIMES"/"CRIMES-AGAINST-WOMEN" AS "THE PHENOMENON OF CORRECTIVE RAPE"...ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD... AND IT HAPPENS EVERYWHERE !!! NOT JUST SOUTH AFRICA !!!
Posted by Sudaliah AliMohammed... on 08/09/2009 @ 12:43PM PT
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